Optimal Architecture of a Dual S-Scheme ZnIn₂S₄–ZnO–Al₂O₃ Heterosystem with High H₂ Evolution Rate under Visible Light

In this study, dual S-scheme ZnIn2S4–Al2O3–ZnO (ZIS–Al–Zn) heterojunctions were produced by a facile, low cost, and rapid combustion technique. These accelerated the photocatalytic hydrogen production due to multi-channel-promoted separation of photocarriers. By optimizing content components, synthesized ZIS–Al–Zn composite with 20 wt% ZnIn2S4 30 Al2O3 in demonstrated highest rate 54.2 mmol g–1 h–1, which was nearly 11 8.30 times better than ZnO–Al2O3 ZnO–ZnIn2S4 composites, respectively. The results DRS, PL, EIS, LSV, CV techniques showed shift light absorption, interfacial transfer, quenched recombination photocarriers over ternary single binary catalysts. obtained revealed formation mechanism transfer heterojunctions, contributing efficiency. optimized also exhibited good stability reusability.